The Template Temple

ISDN is a vital topic for today’s CCNA and CCNP candidates, especially for the ICND and Intro exams – you’ve got to know ISDN inside and out to pass those exams. Naturally you want to include it in your home lab. What many candidates don’t realize is that you can’t connect two Cisco routers directly via their Basic Rate Interface (BRI) interfaces you’ve got to have another device between them called an ISDN simulator.

An ISDN simulator is not one of those software programs pretending to be routers (“router simulators”) this is a piece of hardware that acts as the telephone company in your home lab. Older simulators come with preprogrammed phone numbers and SPIDs, where newer ones let you program the phone numbers you want to use. Either way, an ISDN simulator is great for your CCNA/CCNP home lab, because you can practice dial scenarios that actually work. And you get to troubleshoot the ones that don’t, which is also important to learn! )

You don’t need any special cables or connectors you just connect both of your routers’ BRI interfaces to the ISDN simulator with a straight-through cable and you’re ready to go.

In years past, this was a major problem for 640-801, 811, and 821 studies, because the simulators used to be so expensive. New ones can still be pricey ($600 and up), but with the sudden influx of used ISDN simulators on ebay and Cisco resellers, you can get a used one that will do the job for you.

Why are there suddenly so many ISDN simulators on the market? Cisco recently removed ISDN from the CCIE R&S exam, so a lot of CCIE rack resellers as well as private individuals are selling their simulators. There’s never been a better time to add ISDN to your home lab. If taken care of (kept out of extreme heat), they can last for quite a few years. The one I purchased for my IE home lab is still working well.

If you choose to purchase a new simulator, you can run a Google search to find vendors. I’ve made two purchases from www.vconsole.com over the last few years and both of those simulators have worked beautifully.

As I said earlier, there’s never been a better time to add ISDN to your home lab. Don’t just settle for trying to memorize theory – get your hands on the real deal, practice and fix your configurations, and you’ll be amazed at what you learn and how well you do on your CCNA and CCNP exams!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (www.thebryantadvantage.com), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Video courses and training, binary and subnetting help, and corporate training are also available.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” or “How To Pass The CCNP”, send a request to chris@thebryantadvantage.com today !

When you get to your twilight years you do not have to get out your pension at that moment. As an option, you may come to a decision to delay acquiring an income until the ripe old age of 75 and if you do so you can discover you get a more beneficial offer. It is referred to as income draw down. For more information to do with Income Drawdown, visit the First Place Financial website today!

When you are aged between fifty and seventy-five years old you are automatically permitted to defer the purchase of your pension annuity from an insurance firm. Instead, you are able to draw up to one-hundred and twenty percent of the retirement fund that could have been paid for using Government Actuary rates, & leave the remaining cash invested until you need it. On your part, all you must do is to guarantee that you acquire a pension annuity by the point you are seventy five.

Nevertheless, what would happen if you wanted to take the income draw down selection, & then departed this world? If this did come about then your existing other half or those legally responsible would then get 3 choices: either to accept a lump amount, take away tax at 35%, or otherwise continue with financial deduction, or getting an annuity pension with the funds. Your current wife/husband has until they arrive at 60 to delay the acquisition of a pension annuity, although no financial benefits are payable in the period-in-between.

Why select income drawdown? Well predominately because it can mean you will earn a superior retirement income from your pension by doing so. Secondly, you are able to choose exactly when you procured the pension annuity, hence if you stop working at a period when the annuity rates are very low, waiting mat possibly be a clever decision. If the remaining investments rise as predicted, then together with the reality that annuity rates improve with age, you may in the end be able to procure a higher pension than you might have obtained to begin with.

Moreover, it also means that when you die your companion or dependants are taken care of monetarily, as they are officially entitled to the residual resources, as discussed above.

Like all financial investments, there are dangers as a consequence though. If investment performance on the remaining stocks and shares is bad, then the extent of retirement wage payable may fall. And it is critical to keep in mind that there is no reassurance that the pension bought will eventually be more than the amount that could have been got at the beginning.

Do you need the services of covert hidden cameras? Air purifiers, boom boxes, books, clock radios and coffee mugs are just a few devices that can contain covert hidden cameras. Computer speakers, counter signs, day planners, even desk lamps can all contain covert hidden cameras and no one would be aware they are on film.

With a computer speaker, the covert hidden camera is hidden inside the working speaker and virtually undetectable. Does your office, home or store have an acoustic drop ceiling? There is a speaker video camera that is perfect for use in them. They contain a pinhole camera that looks straight down, and that give you a seventy degree field of vision, and is great for use in low light.

Another way to hide your covert hidden camera is by purchasing one that looks like a DVD player. Once again it contains a pinhole camera and has a range of up to three hundred feet. Who would ever guess that the DVD player in your home or office is actually recording the people and movements that are happening in that room?

Maybe you want a covert hidden camera to use strictly as a security measure for your home. There is a flood light camera available that not only is great day or night but is as easy to install as changing a light bulb.

Don’t let your security needs tick away like the seconds on a clock. You can get a covert hidden camera disguised as a beautiful mantel clock or a clock radio. You have heard of clock watchers, well, now the clock can actually watch you.

To purchase Spy Products and Surveillance Products Read other related articles on our Spy products blog

The Antica Colonia Hotel in Frascati is a wonderful villa built at the end of ‘800 and has just been refurbished.
Antica Colonia Hotel is the right place for the tourist and the business man, the building is surrounded by a little relaxing park , very close to Frascati’s centre and five minutes far from Rome that you can reach by the train leaving from Frascati.

Antica Colonia Hotel is a 3 star hotel in Via Costanzo Montani, 5 in the center of Frascati.

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Frascati is in the Lazio Region, close to the Ciampino Airport and close to
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When you prepare to install a video surveillance camera system for protection and security of your home, you should not neglect to plan in advance for the time needed to review the recorded images.

Please be advised that your choices of Video-surveillance systems, will determine, among other things, the amount of footage of video recordings and the time needed to play it back for home surveillance.

This of course is true when live monitoring is not possible or advisable like is the case for most home surveillance installations.

What can be done and how can one manage and reduce the amount of Video-surveillance information produced?

As far as Home Surveillance equipment and installation are concerned the most economic solution might well be that using time proven VCR (Video Cassette Recorders) either run at normal speed or at a reduced frame rate.

Special Time-lapse recorders are built to do just that. Two types are available. They may run continuously at a reduced frame-per-second rate, trading some less relevant information for increased tape cassette exploitation, somewhat sacrificing the quality and continuity of the recorded video clips.

Otherwise they may work at normal speed, but only when some action is detected in the camera field of view. They are programmed to go back to standby a short time after the action ends.

Saving on the amount of tape used makes it possible to reduce the cassette change frequency which in itself is a welcome gain.

But as far as the Video-surveillance reviewer is concerned it may make a huge difference if only selected parts of the recordings have to be examined, vs. the alternative of running the tapes.

Can you imagine how long would it take to play back all the long hours of video cassette tape, especially if multiple cameras are installed?

One might decide to run only a cursory examination of the records if no signs of burglary or other attacks are detected in the protected space.

But this policy might overlook premonitory signs, like those of somebody just looking around, with no clear purpose. This aspect is worth some thought.

Videotapes, to be examined, have first to be rewound, and then to be played back from beginning to end. They can be run at higher than viewing speed (Fast-forward), when scanning for clues to interesting images. The time required is anyhow substantial.

Traditional Video-surveillance systems offer analog recording methods (by videotape), perfectly responding to customers’ requirements, except that picture quality may suffer somewhat because of difficulties in keeping clean the heads, which may need some periodic care.

However in home surveillance systems, image quality may not be the first priority.
Additionally, in time, it may become increasingly difficult to find spare parts and adequate service, because of inevitable obsolescence.

Videotapes are only one of the available recording systems. They are based on analog signal processing that uses the electronic signals streaming from the camera without further manipulation.

But other systems are available, those making use of digital signal processing, which, possibly at a higher price, offer a whole set of features and advantages that may make them preferred, even for simple home surveillance tasks.

Elia Levi is a retired engineer.
He built a website to assist with a step-by-step guide to understand, design, select and set up, all by yourself the best and least expensive surveillance system for your home security.
Find out more on the subject of this article at
http://www.1st-diy-home-surveillance-guide.com/EAVideo.

Many people think about what would happen if they were attacked when they go out. By going out it could mean shopping, parties, work, school, or anywhere outside your home. What about inside your home too? Would you follow a natural instinct for your defense or freeze on the spot? Would the natural instinct be the right move? These are all questions that need to be answered in a world that is becoming more hostile all the time.

Crime is actually on the rise in some cities according to different recent news reports. The crime on the rise is not always committed by the usual addict or over imbiber, but by people we already know. Usually by relatives or close friends.

So, what pepper spray would be right for you? A little history on pepper spray may help. Pepper spray comes in many different shaped containers, sizes, and several different strengths. Pepper spray can be an effective deterrent to attackers if a person keeps their head and thinks about what to do. Some spray anywhere from 8 to 20 feet, depending on the model, and have an effect that lasts from 30 to 45 minutes. Remember that pepper spray must be tested regularly to determine if it still works. Pepper spray will not lose its effectiveness, but the container may leak out the pressure over a period of time. Most pepper sprays have an active shelf life from 4 to 6 years.

One thing to think about is, “how “hot” is the pepper spray that hits the attacker?” Pepper spray OC is a derivative of Cayenne peppers. It is pure, non-toxic and non-flammable. Pepper spray is not an irritant like tear gas, but an inflammatory agent. When it makes contact with the nose, eyes, mouth, lungs, and skin it causes an immediate dilation of the capillaries, but does not stop life sustaining breathing. It does cause temporary blindness and constricted breathing and can put an attacker to his/her knees. So, we go back to the question, “how “hot” is the pepper spray that hits the attacker?”

Pepper spray has been measured as a percentage of OC in the active and inactive ingredients of the spray and the Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) of the particular spray. In marketing the effectiveness of pepper spray, some manufacturers stress the OC rating, others stress the SHU as how “hot” their spray is, yet others use both to market their sprays. The range of percentages on the market today is 10% to 17% OC and/or a SHU could be up to 5,300,000 heat units. What is the actual percentage of OC and/or heat units that is in the spray to affect the attacker? If you do your research you will learn from various sources that the SHU of pepper range from 0, like green bell peppers, to the actual 16,000,000 of a Cayenne pepper in pure form. Everything is diluted.

The only true way to measure a spray’s potency is to measure it AFTER it leaves the nozzle. I believe that an educated consumer is a wise consumer. What you buy for your personal self-defense and the self-defense of your family is a major concern requiring research and an important decision. The safety of you, your friends, and family is at stake.

So, the question now looks like this. What is the “quality & effectiveness” of your OC pepper spray vs. “quality and effectiveness” claimed?

90% of the pepper sprays on the market claim an unrealistic, false and/or unsubstantiated “true” heat rating. The math you use for this is very simple. If the OC spray claims 10%, then you multiply the SHU rating by 10% and that will tell you what you should get out of the nozzle, or business end of the pepper spray. The formula looks like this:

If the product claims 15% OC at 2,000,000 SHU, you multiply the claimed SHU by the claimed percentage of OC. i.e.: 2,000,000 SHU X 15% (or .15) = 300,000 “true” SHU.

If the product claims 5% OC at 5,300,000 SHU, you multiply the claimed SHU by the claimed percentage of OC. i.e.: 5,300,000 SHU X 5% (or .05) = 265,000 “true” SHU.

You can use this formula on ANY OC spray that claims an OC percent and a SHU rating.

What you will discover is that most OC sprays don’t even come close to their claimed heat rating.

Now, even with all this information available to you, the question still remains, “What pepper spray is right for you?” You really have to look at your life-style, environment lived in, and need. It will take some searching, but you will find the one that will suit you and your needs. You can find an effective pepper spray.

Copyright 2006

Ted Marlett has been in the business of safety & security for approximately 22 years. Some for the military and now selling home and office self-defense & security products. Look at some pepper sprays that meet the “heat” requirement going out the nozzle. Thanks for looking.

Several factors make learning Chinese a considerably more formidable task than learning another Germanic or Romance languages. Studying a foreign language is an excellent way for English and other language teachers to improve their own teaching. It also forces you into the role of a student so you can experience first hand the problems, difficulties and challenges your EFL learners face in your classes. Don’t believe me? Then look at what happened to me …

… continued from part 1 …

A couple of students confuse a pronunciation with the name of a Kung Fu TV series actor. The teacher doesn’t get it. They talk about Jackie Chan as the mood of the class lightens. We try a few numbers that are simple to write in Chinese. One, two, three, four, ten, one thousand. Not bad at all, but I’ll definitely need those flash cards and a pronunciation tape. Then comes five, six, seven, eight, nine. We continue with eleven, twelve and twenty. Twenty one and creating multiples of numbers follow. Actually, it’s not difficult at all. Some of the higher numbers are childishly simple to create in both speaking and writing. The class continues creating more numbers by combining characters in Chinese. I glance at my watch. My fist Mandarin class will end in twenty five more minutes. The final number is one thousand three hundred million – the population of China.

The class is interesting, with its musical language, and fun at times, but impractical. Where will we practice? Who is there to talk to? Is anyone, besides me, even thinking of going to China? Where in China is Mandarin spoken? What are the other principal forms of Chinese? These are only some of the questions that pop into my head during the class.

If I intend to have any success with this Mandarin class I realize that some learning and study aids are going to be needed such as:

• Recordings of pronunciations

• Drilling practice flash cards

• Reference sheets of class work

• Background information on China’s culture, history, people and geography

• Focused practice with functional language (that I could use during a trip to China)

• Graphics applied to the materials as a memory aid

• Extra tutorials to help me over the “rough spots” in learning the language

• Photos and realia for an extra added touch

• Study projects on the people, culture, geography, and history of China

An idea of what motivates the other students might be interesting and helpful too. So I’ll try to chat with a couple of them before and after class. Several factors make learning Chinese a considerably more formidable task than learning another Germanic or Romance languages. It should be an interesting experience over all though. I’ll keep you posted of interesting developments.

Wish me luck.

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I consider myself to be very smart and a very hard worker. So it doesn’t make any sense to me what soever why I am not finding any legit work at home jobs anywhere. I have tried dozens of them and they are either terribly unrealistic or they aren’t legit at all. I know that there are plenty of entrepreneurs out there that are making lots of money working from home or for themselves but I can’t seem to find those types of work at home opportunities anywhere. Still, I refuse to give up. There has to be something out there that I can succeed at.

I have seen a lot of different jobs and business out there that you can do from home but most of them don’t seem legit. For instance does a work at home stuffing envelopes job really work? I mean do you really get paid just to stuff envelopes or is there something else behind that. I know that I am kind of suspicious but I have been taken advantage of before and I just don’t want to throw away any more money. I guess I will never know though if I don’t give it a try. If I didn’t and it would have worked I would be very upset with myself.

Like TCP, BGP is connection-oriented. An underlying connection between two BGP speakers is established before any routing information is exchanged. This connection takes place on TCP port 179. As with EIGRP and OSPF, keepalive messages are sent out by the BGP speakers in order to keep this relationship alive.

Once the connection is established, the BGP speakers exchange routes and synchronize their tables. After this initial exchange, a BGP speaker will only send further updates upon a change in the network topology.

The IGP protocols that use Autonomous Systems, IGRP and EIGRP, require prospective neighbors to be in the same AS. This is not true with BGP. Routers can be in different Autonomous Systems and still exchange routes. The BGP neighbors do not have to be directly connected, and often are not, but do need to be able to reach the IP addresses they use in their neighbor statements.

A BGP peer that is in the same AS is referred to as an Internal BGP (iBGP) Peer, where a BGP peer in another AS is an External BGP (eBGP) Peer.

A sample iBGP configuration:

Router bgp 100

Neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 100

A sample eBGP configuration:

Router bgp 100

Neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 200

Cisco recommends that eBGP peers be directly connected, where iBGP peers generally will not be.

Before we get too much farther into BGP theory, let’s get a configuration started. You’ll use the router bgp command to configure a router as a BGP speaker. Right after that, the neighbor command will be used to identify this BGP speaker’s potential neighbors. (The terms “peer” and “neighbor” are interchangeable in BGP, but it’s the neighbor statement that is used to statically define neighbors. BGP is not capable of discovering neighbors dynamically.)

R1(config-router)#neighbor 172.12.123.3 remote-as 200

While almost all of the neighbor options are just that — optional — you do have to specify the BGP AS of the remote router. BGP has no mechanism to dynamically discover neighbors. Remember, BGP speakers do not have to be in the same AS to become peers. To verify that the remote BGP speaker has become a peer, run show ip bgp neighbor.

R1#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 172.12.123.3, remote AS 200, external link

BGP version 4, remote router ID 0.0.0.0

BGP state = Active

Last read 00:01:39, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

Received 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

Sent 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0

Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

The output here can be a little misleading the first time you read it. The first highlighted line shows 172.12.123.3 is a BGP neighbor, is located in AS 200, and is an external link, indicating that the neighbor is in another AS entirely. The second highlighted line shows the BGP state as Active. This sounds great, but it actually means that a BGP peer connection does not yet exist with the prospective neighbor.

So even though the show ip bgp neighbor output indicated that this is an Active neighbor relationship, that’s not as good as it sounds. Of course, the reason the peer relationship hasn’t been established is that we haven’t configured R3 yet!

R3(config)#router bgp 200
R3(config-router)#neighbor 172.12.123.1 remote-as 100

Verify the peer establishment with show ip bgp neighbor:

R3#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 172.12.123.1, remote AS 100, external link

BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.12.123.1

BGP state = Established, up for 00:01:18

Last read 00:00:17, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

Local host: 172.12.123.3, Local port: 179 (BGP uses TCP Port 179)

Foreign host: 172.12.123.1, Foreign port: 11007
The peer relationship between R1 and R3 has been established.

Now that you know how the neighbor relationship itself is built, you need to start learning the many options of the neighbor command. You’ll have to master these to become a CCNP and CCIE!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” and “How To Pass The CCNP”, just visit the website! You can also get FREE CCNA and CCNP exam questions every day! Pass the CCNP exam with The Bryant Advantage!

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